Learn about Brucellosis a bacterial disease that can be transmitted by unpasteurized/raw dairy products. Discover its symptoms, risks, and prevention measures.

Brucellosis (Brucella spp.) | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Brucellosis (Brucella spp.)

<img alt="Brucellosis (Brucella SPP.) in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Brucellosis%20(Brucella%20SPP.)%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

This disease is caused by a bacteria known as Brucella. One can get infected with Brucellosis by contacting the animals with this disease and using contaminated animal products like raw milk.&nbsp;

How it spreads : The major reasons behind the spread of this disease are the consumption of unpasteurized/raw dairy products. Getting in contact with infected animals or contaminated products and bacteria in skin wounds or mucus membranes could be the other reasons. Animals such as; &nbsp;sheep, dogs, goats, cattle, and pigs are more prone to get infected with Brucellosis.&nbsp;

Who is at risk : This disease can infect anyone, but people who work closely with animals or drink raw milk are at higher risk of getting infected with this disease. Brucellosis is most commonly found in regions including the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Asia, South America, Mexico, the Caribbean, and the Mediterranean Basin. However, pet owners are at a lower risk of getting infected than veterinarians, health care providers, and dog breeders. Because they might have to come in contact with blood, tissues, and fluids during the birthing process.

Signs in dogs : Usually, there are no signs of the affected dogs. However, in some cases, dogs with brucellosis may have to face abortions, infertility, different infections in reproductive organs, inflammation in the brain or eye, and infection of the spinal bones and discs.&nbsp;

Symptoms in people : Brucellosis can make people sick within 6-8 weeks of exposure. Infected people might show flu-like symptoms that last 2-4 weeks. Nonetheless, it can affect the reproductive organs of humans, too, and pregnant women may have to face miscarriage. Sometimes this disease becomes difficult to deal with.

Taking the following precautions can help you to avoid getting infected with this disease.&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Don&rsquo;t consume undercooked meat and unpasteurized dairy products such as; ice cream, cheese, milk, etc. It&#39;s pertinent to mention that pasteurization is heating the raw milk to a high temperature to destroy harmful bacteria.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>If you are involved in handling the animal&#39;s tissues, you should never forget to wear goggles, rubber glasses, aprons, or gowns.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Before administering the treatment, it&#39;s crucial to make a proper diagnosis, which includes examining the samples of blood, bone marrow, or other body fluids. Furthermore, veterinarians also perform a blood test to detect antibodies against the bacteria. After an appropriate diagnosis, health care professionals prescribe antibiotics, depending on the severity of the disease. It&#39;s worth noting that recovery may take a few weeks to several months. Chances of death due to brucellosis are very rare.

Learn about Capnocytophaga, common bacteria in dogs' mouths, that can make people sick. Seek medical attention after a bite or scratch, as symptoms like swelling and fever can appear.

Capnocytophaga spp. | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Capnocytophaga spp

<img alt="Capnocytophaga SPP. Infection in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Capnocytophaga%20SPP.%20Infection%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

Capnocytophaga is one of the most common types of bacteria usually found in dogs&#39; and cats&#39; mouths. Both dogs and cats don&rsquo;t get infected or sick with these bacteria, but they can make people sick.&nbsp;

How it spreads: Rarely people can get in contact with this disease through close contact, bites, or scratches of the infected cats or dogs. &nbsp;

Who is at risk: People with a weak immune system or already suffering from a disease like cancer who don&rsquo;t have a spleen or are taking medications are more prone to catch the infection.&nbsp;

Signs in dogs : As we have already discussed, Capnocytophaga bacteria live in the mouth of dogs and cats but don&rsquo;t make them sick.&nbsp;

Symptoms in people : People getting infected with these diseases may suffer swelling, blisters, redness or pain around the area of the bite or scratch, vomiting, fever, headache, diarrhea, and muscle or joint pain. Chances of serious complications, including kidney failure, gangrene, or sepsis, are very rare. Most of the symptoms appear within 1-14 days after infection.

After the dog or cat bites, don&#39;t show reluctance in washing the bite area immediately and visit your doctor even if you don&rsquo;t feel symptoms or are sick.&nbsp;

Medical practitioners prescribe antibiotics to kill bacterial germs, i.e. Capnocytophaga according to the severity of the diseases. If you are bitten by a dog or cat and feel the symptoms mentioned above, you should immediately consult with the health care experts and seek medical aid.&nbsp;

Learn about Cryptosporidium a parasitic disease caused by the germ Crypto, commonly spread through contaminated water. Explore their symptoms and treatments.

Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp) | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.)

<img alt="Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium SPP.) in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Cryptosporidiosis%20(Cryptosporidium%20SPP.)%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

The germ Cryptosporidium, in short Crypto, causes this parasitic disease. This infection is commonly spread accidentally, swallowing stools of infected animals or people.&nbsp;

How it spreads : Crypto spreads through swallowing poop that contains germs or through contaminated food. For instance, if somebody drinks untreated water from ponds or canals, recreational water, or doesn&#39;t wash their hands after handling an infected animal, they can get Crypto. 
&nbsp; 
Who is at risk : Crypto can affect anyone, particularly those people with weak immune systems or already suffering from severe diseases.&nbsp;

Signs in Dogs : Dogs are at a lower risk of getting infected with Crypto. Moreover, in the case of getting an infection, dogs may not show any particular symptoms of illness or sometimes may have watery diarrhea.

Symptoms in people : Infected people may show watery diarrhea with cramping, profuse vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain. The symptoms usually disappear typically within 1&ndash;2 weeks.

Diagnosis &amp; Detection : Cryptosporidiosis is diagnosed after examining the stool samples. However, the detection of Crypto isn&#39;t as easy as it may seem. People may have to submit stool samples over several days. Additionally, the stool is examined using different techniques such as; acid-fast staining, enzyme immunoassays, or direct fluorescent antibody [DFA].

The most effective way to prevent this disease is to keep the dog in a clean environment and to keep it from eating animal faeces or drinking dirty water, which could be contaminated with Cryptosporidium.

Good hygiene is the most effective way to prevent the spread of Cryptosporidium in the home. Wash hands with soap and water regularly, especially after using the toilet, changing diapers, and eating or preparing food. Also, avoid consuming raw (unpasteurized) milk and apple cider. 
&nbsp;

People with a strong and healthy immune system usually don&#39;t need treatment to recover from this disease. As per experts, conditions with diarrhea can be stabilized by the maxim intake of fluids, which prevents dehydration. Meanwhile, people having a weak immune system are at great risk of getting complications or a prolonged illness.&nbsp;

Rapid loss of fluids could be life-threatening for infants or newborn babies. Therefore, the parents need to consult with the medical practitioners and ask them for the replacement of fluid replacement therapy options for babies. However, pregnant women or young children who get infected with this disease should drink plenty of fluids. Which is very important to prevent dehydration.&nbsp;

Anti-diarrheal medicine could slow down diarrhea, but you should not take any medication without the consultation of health care experts. Nevertheless, Nitazoxanide is FDA-approved to treat diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium in people with healthy immune systems. But the effectiveness of this antiviral medication is unclear.&nbsp;

HIV-positive individuals who get infected with cryptosporidiosis should consult with their doctors. Because such people may receive anti-retroviral therapy to improve the immune system and decrease the symptoms of this disease.&nbsp;

<h3>Nitazoxanide</h3>

As we have already discussed, Nitazoxanide is used to treat watery diarrhea. FDA licensed nitazoxanide (Alinia&reg;, Romark Laboratories, Tampa, FL, USA) to treat cryptosporidiosis in children aged 1-11 years in November 2002. In June 2004, nitazoxanide was also licensed for older children and adults. It can now be prescribed for all patients &ge; 1 year of age.

<h3>What Can Age Groups Be Treated With Nitazoxanide?</h3>

In 2004, the FDA licensed nitazoxanide for all persons &ge; 1 year. It had previously been licensed in 2002 for only children aged 1-11 years.

<h3>What Is The Dosage Used For Nitazoxanide? 
&nbsp;</h3>

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			Immunocompetent Persons&nbsp;
			&nbsp;

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						Adult dosage 
						</td>
						<td style="border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:2px solid #000000; border-right:2px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top">
						500 mg BID x 3 days
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						Pediatric dosage 
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						<td style="border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:2px solid #000000; border-right:2px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top">
						1-3 years: 100 mg BID x 3 days

						&nbsp;

						<hr />
						4-11 years: 200 mg BID x 3 days
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
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Learn about tapeworm, a parasite that affects cats, dogs, and people. Treatment is available for animals and humans, and flea control and hygiene practices can prevent infection.

Tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum) | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum)

<img alt="Tapeworm (Dipylidium Caninum) in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Tapeworm%20(Dipylidium%20Caninum)%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

The tapeworm is a parasite spread among cats, dogs, and people through the ingestion of infected fleas. It&#39;s more common in cats and less in other pets or people.&nbsp;

How it is spread : When a person and particular dog swallow an infected flea, it usually gets infected with the tapeworm. Nevertheless, providing appropriate treatment to pets for fleas can prevent and even reduce the risk of this infection. &nbsp;

Who is at risk : People are at very low risk of getting infected with tapeworm. However, infants or children are more prone to exposure to this disease.&nbsp;

Signs in dogs : Tapeworms are sometimes not harmful to dogs and don&#39;t cause any illness. One can detect the parasites crawling near the anus or in fresh feces (poop). In case of serious infection, dogs may start losing weight.&nbsp;

Symptoms in people : This infection is not very common in people, and there are no symptoms. &nbsp;

To reduce the risk of infection:

<ul>
	<li>Make sure your pet&#39;s indoor and outdoor environments are flea-free.</li>
	<li>If your dogs or cats have tapeworms, contact your veterinarian right away.</li>
	<li>Clean up after your pet, especially in public parks and playgrounds. Bury the feces, place it in a plastic bag, and throw it away.</li>
	<li>Allow children to play in areas contaminated with the pet or other animal feces.</li>
	<li>Teach children to always wash their hands after playing with dogs and cats and after being outside. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Treatment for both animals and humans is straightforward and highly effective. Praziquantel, a prescription medication, is administered orally or by injection (pets only). The medicine dissolves the tapeworm within the intestine. The worm may not be visible in your dog&#39;s stool because it is usually digested before passing. The medications are generally well tolerated.

Learn about Echinococcosis a rare but serious disease caused by tapeworms found in dog feces. Discover its symptoms, risks, and prevention measures.

Echinococcosis (Echinococcus spp.) | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Echinococcosis (Echinococcus spp.)

<img alt="Echinococcosis (Echinococcus SPP.) in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Echinococcosis%20(Echinococcus%20SPP.)%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

Echinococcosis is not very common in the United States but it can cause several complications. Tiny Echinococcus tapeworms are the major reason behind this disease. Meanwhile, adult Echinococcus tapeworms are only present in dogs and related animals. However, &nbsp;Echinococcus larvae can cause infection in people.&nbsp;

How it spreads : Echinococcosis eggs are found in the dogs&rsquo; poop or stool. People get infected with this parasite by consuming or drinking food, contaminated due to the poop of an infected animal. This disease is also spread due to touching the dog&rsquo;s fur&ndash;having the parasite&rsquo;s eggs. Dogs can also suffer from Echinococcosis by eating the tissue of infected goats or sheep.&nbsp;

Who is at risk : This disease can infect anyone but people working closely with farm animals or living in areas, where parasites are common and are more prone to catch the infection. Echinococcus is most commonly found in Central and South America, Europe, &nbsp;Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and rarely in North America.

Signs in dogs : Most of the time no signs or symptoms appear in the infected dogs. However, in case of having an infection due to a large number of tapeworms, dogs can have a shaggy coat, mild diarrhea, a variable appetite, or irritability.

Symptoms in people : Just like dogs, people also may not show any sign of illness for years. However, the Echinococcus larvae can affect any body&rsquo;s organ and symptoms largely depend on the location of the cyst. Signs of illness start appearing when the cysts become large or rupture. Most commonly, cysts grow in the lungs and liver.&nbsp;

Echinococcosis is controlled by preventing parasite transmission. Preventive measures include:

<ul>
	<li>Limiting the areas where dogs are permitted and prohibiting animals from consuming cyst-infected meat.</li>
	<li>Prevent dogs from eating infected sheep carcasses.</li>
	<li>Control the population of stray dogs.</li>
	<li>Limit the slaughter of sheep and other livestock at home.</li>
	<li>Do not consume any food or water contaminated by dog faeces.</li>
	<li>Wash your hands with soap and warm water after handling dogs and before handling food. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Previously surgery was the only option to cure cystic echinococcal cysts. However, other techniques such as; cyst puncture, Chemotherapy, percutaneous aspiration, injection of chemicals, and respiration are used instead of performing surgery. But none is more beneficial than surgery to remove the cysts, which is considered a complete cure. If the cysts are inactive and don&#39;t cause any symptoms, then they often go away without any treatment. In addition to this, treating alveolar echinococcosis is &nbsp;more difficult than cystic echinococcosis. Because usually, it requires radical surgery, &nbsp;chemotherapy, or both.

Learn about Giardia, a parasitic infection that can be found in contaminated water. Discover symptoms and treatment for dogs. Plus, find tips to reduce the chances of infection.

Giardiasis | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Giardiasis

<img alt="Giardiasis Diseases in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Giardiasis%20Diseases%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

Giardia is a parasite found in soil, food, and water contaminated by the stool or poop of the infected animal or people.&nbsp;

How it spreads : This disease is usually caused or spread due to swallowing microscopic poop by coming in contact with an infected person or animal, drinking untreated water or food, contaminated with poop from infected people or pets.&nbsp;

Who is at risk : Dogs are at lower risk of getting infected with Giardia. It&#39;s pertinent to mention that the type of parasite that causes illness in people is not the same that infects dogs. The following group of people is more prone to exposure to Giardiasis:

<ul>
	<li>People who travel internationally.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>People have contact with children&#39;s diapers.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Having contact with poop during sexual contact with someone is affected by this parasite.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Drink untreated or unfiltered water from a pond, lake, river, stream, or spring.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>People who swim in natural bodies of water.</li>
</ul>

Signs in Dogs : Diarrhea, greasy stools, or dehydration are the most common symptoms in dogs infected with Giardia.

Symptoms in people : Infected people may suffer from abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, gas, vomiting, or nausea. Sometimes people with Giardia infection may not show any particular symptoms of illness.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Diagnosis : Healthcare providers must consult with a diagnostic laboratory for the appropriate testing to identify the Giardia parasites. However, if the testing is beyond the capacity of the diagnostic laboratory, the laboratory should contact public health officials to get a complete understanding of the specimen collection, submission, etc. Microscopy with direct fluorescent antibody testing (DFA) is the top choice for diagnosing the presence of Giardiasis. Other alternate techniques include:

<ul>
	<li>Rapid immunochromatographic cartridge assays</li>
	<li>Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits</li>
	<li>Microscopy with trichrome staining</li>
	<li>Molecular assays</li>
</ul>

Giardia is difficult to eradicate from the environment, but you can reduce the chances of yourself and your pet becoming ill by observing some precautions:

<ul>
	<li>Wear gloves to reduce the risk of contracting infected poop or soil when gardening.</li>
	<li>Clean and disinfect household surfaces regularly, particularly areas or supplies used by your pet, such as toys, bedding, water, and food bowls.</li>
	<li>Hands should be washed with soap and water after touching your pets, their food or treats, poop, or their supplies.</li>
	<li>Always use a bag to collect and dispose of poop in your yard or other outdoor areas.</li>
	<li>Change pet litter boxes daily.</li>
	<li>If your pet has diarrhoea or is being treated for Giardia, limit their access to common outdoor spaces such as dog parks or public trails.</li>
	<li>Get rid of any standing water (like emptying any containers of water and removing any water from fountains that are not in use).</li>
	<li>Bathe all household pets with pet shampoo to ensure there is no poop in the pet&#39;s coat.</li>
	<li>Clean the environment of dogs and cats (like holding areas, floors, and crates) and wash water bowls with soap and water daily.</li>
	<li>Clean cages, habitats, and supplies outside the home to avoid contaminating surfaces.</li>
</ul>

Treatment is often provided to the patients based on medical history and clinical symptoms of this disease. However, the general rule of thumb is that medical practitioners should discuss the treatment options with patients.

Medication Options : Drugs including nitazoxanide, metronidazole, and tinidazole are most commonly used in treating the infection caused by Giardia. Other medications may include furazolidone, paromomycin, and quinacrine.&nbsp;

Explore hookworms, which spread through contact with polluted soil or sand. Learn about symptoms, prevention measures, and treatment options for dogs and humans.

Hookworm | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Hookworm

<img alt="Hookworms in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Hookworms%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

Hookworms are small worms that can spread if someone comes in contact with polluted sand or soil.&nbsp;

How it spreads : Walking barefoot, kneeling, or sitting on the contaminated (with the stool of affected animals) ground can cause hookworm infection among people. Meanwhile, dogs can be exposed to this infection after swallowing the parasites or through their mother&#39;s milk or colostrum.

Who is at risk : Anyone can get infected with hookworms due to the aforementioned reasons. &nbsp;

Signs in dogs : Symptoms including weight loss, anemia, and even life-threatening infections may appear in the puppies.&nbsp;

Symptoms in People : Itchy reaction and a red squiggly line, where the parasite is present, are the most common symptoms that may appear in people. It&#39;s worth noting that both human and animal hookworms cannot survive in infected people or animals. Therefore, symptoms might disappear within 4-6 weeks without receiving medical treatment.

To prevent skin contact with contaminated soil and sand. It&#39;s crucial to take protective measures, including&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Wearing shoes while walking on the ground will protect you from infection caused by zoonotic hookworms.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Use protective mats, wear shoes, use other covering while traveling to the subtropical and tropical climates and beaches, etc. Taking all these measures will protect you from direct contact with the contaminated solid and sand.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>To reduce the environmental pollution due to the zoonotic hookworm eggs and larvae, it&#39;s crucial to ensure regular veterinary care, i.e., regular deworming of dogs and cats.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Prompt and appropriate disposal of animals&#39; poop prevents eggs from hatching, eventually reducing the risk of parasitic infection.</li>
</ul>

Hookworm infections in dogs are easily treated. Deworming medications like Fenbendazole, Pyrantel, Moxidectin, and Milbemycin are frequently used, and a second dose is usually given a few weeks later. The majority of these medications are reasonably priced.

&nbsp;In humans, the zoonotic hookworm larvae that cause cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) rarely survive more than 5-6 weeks. Most CLM patients&#39; signs and symptoms resolve without medical intervention. Treatment, on the other hand, may help control symptoms and prevent secondary bacterial infections. Your doctor may advise you to take antiparasitic medication.

Explore leptospirosis, a bacterial disease spread through contact with infected animal fluids. Learn about symptoms and precautions to stay healthy.

Leptospirosis (Leptospira spp.) | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Leptospirosis (Leptospira spp.)

<img alt="Leptospirosis (Leptospira SPP.) in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Leptospirosis%20(Leptospira%20SPP.)%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

It&#39;s a bacterial disease that can make people and animals sick. Bacteria may be found in the urine of various animals, including dogs. Nonetheless, pet owners should vaccinate their dogs against some strains of leptospirosis.

How it spreads&nbsp;:&nbsp;Leptospira is a bacteria that usually spread through the urine of the animals infected with Leptospirosis. Animals that can cause Leptospirosis are &nbsp;rodents, dogs, cattle, pigs, horses, or other wild animals. On the other hand, people catch this infection due to contact with soil or water contaminated with the infected animals&#39; urine and other body fluids.&nbsp;

Who is at risk : It can occur anywhere globally, but most commonly, it is found in tropical and subtropical climates. The major cause of this disease is frequent contact with the infected animals or swimming, kayaking, rafting, and wading in the contaminated rivers, lakes, or canals. Furthermore, &nbsp;people who work closely with animals, such as; veterinarians, sewer workers, farmers, and slaughterhouse workers, are at higher risk of getting infected with leptospirosis.

Signs in dogs : Most of the time, affected dogs don&rsquo;t show any symptoms. However, in some cases, they might suffer from vomiting, tiredness, fever, lack of appetite, &nbsp;jaundice, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, or abnormalities in urination. Severe complications may include lung bleeding or liver failure, which eventually results in death.&nbsp;

Symptoms in people : Usually, infected people don&rsquo;t show any signs of illness. But sometimes, they may suffer from high fever, vomiting, headache, chills, jaundice, muscle aches, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or a rash. The chances of severe complications, including liver or kidney failure, and hemorrhagic pneumonia, are rare, but if they occur, they can lead to death. Early detection and, more importantly, treatment of this disease can help people to stay healthy.&nbsp;

Current dog vaccines effectively prevent leptospirosis and protect for at least 12 months. For at-risk dogs, annual vaccination is advised. Reducing your dog&#39;s exposure to potential Leptospiraspira sources can reduce its chances of infection. Control rodents to help prevent Leptospirosis infection (rats, mice, or other animal pests) as they carry and spread the bacteria.

You can significantly reduce their risk of leptospirosis by not swimming or wading in water contaminated with animal urine and avoiding contact with potentially infected animals. Those exposed to contaminated water or soil due to their job or recreational activities should wear protective clothing or footwear.

Leptospirosis in dogs is treatable with antibiotics. If an animal is treated promptly, it may recover faster, and any organ damage will be less severe. Other treatment methods, such as dialysis and hydration therapy, may be required in severe conditions.

Humans are treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline or penicillin, which should be administered early in the course of the disease. Individuals experiencing more severe symptoms of Leptospirosis may require intravenous antibiotics.

MRSA is a common bacteria that can cause serious infections in humans and animals. It spreads through direct contact and can be transferred by infected dogs.

MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) | VetandTech

MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

<img alt="Dogs MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Dogs%20MRSA%20(Methicillin-Resistant%20Staphylococcus%20Aureus).jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common types of bacteria that normally affect the skin of animals and people. Nonetheless, MRSA Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are antibiotic-resistant and can result in a wide range of infections. Such as; skin or lung infections, pneumonia, and many other problems.&nbsp; 
&nbsp; 
How it spreads : Dogs infected with MRSA can transfer this infection to people. Moreover, it can be spread among animals and people through direct contact.&nbsp;

Who is at risk : Anyone can get an MRSA infection.

Signs in dogs : Most of the time, infected dogs don&#39;t show the symptoms of MRSA, but in some cases, they might show signs of urinary tract infections, skin or respiratory infections.&nbsp;

Symptoms in people : Like dogs, people with MRSA infections usually don&#39;t show any symptoms. However, sometimes, they might experience skin infections. As per the experts, if the infection can&#39;t be treated timely, it can worsen the health and directly impact the lungs and spread to the bloodstream, which is life-threatening.

Hygiene is essential for preventing MRSA infections in yourself and your pet. You can reduce the risk of MRSA infection by observing the following precautions:

<ul>
	<li>Keep your hands and body clean. Clean your hands frequently, and clean your body regularly, especially after exercise.</li>
	<li>Avoid kissing your dog. Do not allow your dog to kiss you or touch any broken skin.</li>
	<li>You should keep cuts, scrapes, and wounds clean and covered until they heal.</li>
	<li>Personal items such as towels and razors should not be shared.</li>
	<li>If you suspect that you or your dog has an infection, seek treatment as soon as possible. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Treatment is usually not required for dogs colonized with MRSA but otherwise healthy. However, in dogs with symptoms, the antibiotics are typically selected after testing to determine which medications are most effective in killing bacteria.

&nbsp;MRSA is resistant to many antibiotics, making it difficult to treat in humans. However, some antibiotics can treat MRSA and cure the infection. Your doctor may culture your infection and have the bacteria tested in a lab to determine which antibiotic is best for you. 
&nbsp;

Learn about the plague caused by Yersinia pestis and primarily spread by fleas in the Western US. Its Signs include fever and swollen lymph nodes. Early treatment is crucial.

Plague (Yersinia pestis) | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Plague (Yersinia pestis)

<img alt="Plague (Yersinia Pestis) in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Plague%20(Yersinia%20Pestis)%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

A plague is caused by a bacteria known as Yersinia pestis, which can cause infection in both animals and people. This infection usually spreads mainly due to fleas in the Western United States. However, they can transfer the bacteria to rodents and other small animals. Therefore, pets, i.e., cats, dogs, and people, can catch this disease if the infected fleas bite them. Additionally, dogs and cats can get ill with the plague and transfer the infection to their owners and other people.&nbsp;

How it spreads : Contacting or touching the plague-infected animals and flea bites can cause the infection in people and animals. In addition to this, inhaling the infectious droplets spread due to the coughs of the sick dogs can also cause infection among people. &nbsp;

Who is at risk : Residents or those who travel to the Western United States, particularly the rural areas, are at higher risk of catching this infection. In addition, excessive contact with the pets, such as; sleeping with the pets, are more prone to getting infected than others.&nbsp;

Signs in dogs : Dogs are especially at risk for the plague. Dogs with plague may have a fever, low appetite, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes on their neck that can sometimes look like a wound. In addition, they can develop plague pneumonia and may cough or have difficulty breathing. Owners should minimize contact with sick pets and seek veterinary care as soon as possible to decrease the risk of getting sick.

Symptoms in people : People most of the time get infected with the Bubonic plague. Infected people may show the signs of high fever, headaches, chills, swollen lymph nodes, and weakness. Additionally, other types of plague, such as; plague pneumonia and septicemic plague, may result in severe symptoms.

<ul>
	<li>The best step to prevent the plague infection is to reduce the rodent habitat around your residential, workspaces, and recreational areas. Thus make your home and buildings rodent-proof by removing cluttered firewood, rock piles, and the food supplies of rodents.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Don&#39;t forget to wear gloves while handling the infected animals.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Use repellent to avoid contact with the rodent fleas.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Do not allow dogs or cats that walk freely in the infected areas to sleep or sit on your beds or living areas.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Plague is undoubted and could be life-threatening, but early treatment with the commonly used antibiotics is possible. Furthermore, the chances of recovery increase if the infected patient seeks early medical care and appropriate treatment. However, preventive antibiotic therapy depends on the type and severity of the plague.

Learn about ringworm, a fungal infection that affects skin, hair, and nails. Veterinarians can test and treat dogs, and doctors can prescribe antifungal treatments for humans.

Ringworm (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum) | VetandTech

Ringworm (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum)

<img alt="Dogs Ringworms (Microsporum Canis, Microsporum Gypseum)" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Dogs%20Ringworms%20(Microsporum%20Canis%2C%20Microsporum%20Gypseum).jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

The fungus can cause the infection, commonly known as ringworm, which can directly impact animals and people&#39;s nails, skin, and hair.&nbsp;

How it spreads : People or animals who directly contact infected animals can get infected with this disease.&nbsp;

Who is at risk: Anyone can get a ringworm.

Signs in dogs : Most of the time, infected animals or dogs don&#39;t show any symptoms of ringworm. However, infected animals may have hair loss symptoms around their ears, legs, or face. In addition, puppies have a higher chance of getting sick.&nbsp;

Symptoms in people : Redness, itchiness, scaling, ring-shaped rash, and cracking of the skin could appear on any part of the infected people&#39;s body. People having infections on the scalp or bore may experience hair fall. In addition, discoloration, thickness, or nail crumbling may occur in infected people.&nbsp;

Ringworm can be avoided by not allowing your dog to dig in rodent holes, as this is how infection often occurs. Ringworm infection risk can also be reduced by ensuring your dog&#39;s overall health and hygiene.

<ul>
	<li>After playing with or petting your pet, wash your hands with soap and running water.</li>
	<li>If you must handle ringworm-infected animals, wear gloves and long sleeves.</li>
	<li>Disinfect any areas where the infected pet spent time, including surfaces and bedding.</li>
	<li>This fungus&#39; spores can be killed with common disinfectants such as diluted chlorine bleach, benzalkonium chloride, or strong detergents.</li>
	<li>Do not handle ringworm-infected animals if your immune system is compromised (for example, if you have HIV/AIDS, are undergoing cancer treatment, or are taking immune-suppressing medications).</li>
</ul>

Your veterinarian may test some of your dog&#39;s fur for fungus. Ringworm treatment for animals can help them recover faster and prevent the infection from spreading to other people and animals. In addition, your veterinarian may recommend antifungal shampoos, creams, dips, or pills.

Most skin infections can be treated by keeping your skin clean and dry with drying powders, lotions, or creams. However, the doctor might test the skin scrapings for the fungus. Your doctor may prescribe antifungal ointments, creams, and pills.

Learn about toxocariasis caused by roundworms found in dog intestines. It can spread through contaminated environments. Prevent infection with proper hygiene of dogs.

Roundworms (Toxocara spp.) | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Roundworms (Toxocara spp.)

<img alt="Roundworms (Toxocara SPP.) in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Roundworms%20(Toxocara%20SPP.)%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

Roundworm is a parasite usually present in the intestines of dogs and can result in an infection called toxocariasis.

How it spreads : Most commonly, roundworm eggs are present in the infected dogs&#39; poop. People and animals can be exposed to this disease by swallowing roundworm eggs from a polluted environment (contaminated with dog poop).&nbsp;

Who is at risk : Roundworms can infect anyone.&nbsp;

Signs in dogs : Most commonly infected dogs don&#39;t show any typical signs, but some might have dehydration, mild diarrhea, a rough coat, and a pot-bellied appearance.

Symptoms in people : Roundworms can cause two types of illness in people. The first is ocular toxocariasis, which occurs when roundworm larvae migrate to the eye. It can result in severe eye inflammation, damage to the retina, vision loss, etc. Meanwhile, the second illness, visceral toxocariasis, occurs due to the migration of roundworm larvae into body organs, including the central nervous system, lungs, liver, etc. This infection can cause abdominal pain, fatigue, fever, coughing, or wheezing.&nbsp;

You can make your home safer for you and your pets by doing the following things:

<ul>
	<li>Clean your pet&#39;s living space at least once a week; daily is preferable. Faeces should be buried or bagged and discarded in the trash. After handling pet waste, wash your hands.</li>
	<li>Do not allow children to play in areas contaminated with pets or other animal faeces. Cover sandboxes when not in use to prevent animals from getting inside and contaminating them.</li>
	<li>Wash your hands with soap and warm water after playing with your pets or other animals, doing outdoor activities, and handling food or eating.</li>
	<li>Toxocara eggs can survive in the environment for a long time. Still, timely removal of animal faeces can help prevent infection because the eggs take 2 to 4 weeks to become infective after passing out of the animal.</li>
	<li>To avoid roundworm infections, meat and offal should always be thoroughly cooked and at appropriate temperatures.</li>
</ul>

The dewormer is usually given for several weeks to dogs. The goal of the treatment is to kill mature roundworms and their larvae. Toxocara infestations in elderly dogs and puppies may necessitate hospitalisation. Once admitted to the hospital, the patient can receive 24-hour supportive care.

Antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole can treat visceral toxocariasis. Ocular toxocariasis treatment is more complex and usually consists of measures to prevent progressive eye damage. 
&nbsp;

Learn about salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella bacteria, which can infect anyone but poses a greater risk to vulnerable groups. Its symptoms and precautions to stay healthy.

Salmonellosis (Salmonella spp.) | Dog Disease | VetandTech

Salmonellosis (Salmonella spp.)

<img alt="Salmonellosis (Salmonella spp.) Disease in dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Salmonellosis%20(Salmonella%20SPP.)%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:300px; width:928px" />

The major cause of Salmonellosis is Salmonella bacteria. This infection spreads through consuming contaminated food. It can also spread from people to people and animals, including dogs.&nbsp;

How it spreads : Most commonly, people become infected after consuming the contaminated food or getting in contact with or touching animal poop. On the other hand, dogs can develop Salmonellosis by eating infected rodents, birds, and raw or contaminated pet food.&nbsp;

Who is at risk : This infection can infect anyone. But infants, children less than five years old, adults 65 and older, and people who have weakened immune systems or suffering from fatal diseases are at a higher risk of illness.&nbsp;

Signs in dogs : Adult dogs typically do not show signs of infection. Infected puppies may have diarrhea.

Symptoms in people : Signs including fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea usually appear within 6 hours&ndash;4 days after people get infections. These symptoms may last for 4&ndash;7 days.

Strict adherence to dog hygiene is critical for disease prevention. It is critical to feed your dog a nutritionally balanced diet. Giving your dog raw or undercooked meat increases the risk of salmonellosis. Avoid animal pounds and shelters if possible, as overcrowding may promote disease spread.

The best prevention is to ensure hygiene. Always wash your hands with soap and running water after touching animals, their food or treats, items in their environments, or poop. To avoid consuming Salmonella, keep your food preparation areas clean and avoid unpasteurized foods. Furthermore, cook and store your food at the proper temperatures. 
&nbsp;

&nbsp;In simple cases, outpatient treatment is frequently possible. However, hospitalization may be required if a dog has sepsis, a blood infection, or severe salmonellosis. Rehydrating your dog, assisting it in overcoming severe weight and fluid loss, and replacing lost electrolytes are all possible treatments. Plasma or blood transfusions may be required in severe cases of salmonellosis. A few antimicrobials available to your veterinarian may be used to treat salmonellosis in dogs.

Salmonella infections rarely require treatment unless the patient becomes severely dehydrated or the infection spreads from the intestines. Severe diarrhea may necessitate rehydration, often with intravenous fluids. Antibiotics are usually not prescribed unless the infection spreads from the intestines to the bloodstream and other body parts. 
&nbsp;

<h2>Stay Healthy Around Pet Dogs</h2>

You love dogs and decided to adopt a pet dog. But what&#39;s next? As a responsible human being, you must choose the right type of dog that can easily adjust to your family. More importantly, don&#39;t forget to visit a veterinarian for a complete checkup of the new addition to your family. Because sometimes, dogs carry germs despite appearing clean and healthy. In this way, you cannot only keep your dogs healthy but can take care of your family&#39;s health too. Here are the following precautions that you should take;

<ul>
	<li>Don&#39;t forget to wash your hands with soaps/liquids every time after handling dogs, their foods, water pots, and other supplies. &nbsp;</li>
	<li>After having direct or indirect contact with dog saliva or poop.</li>
	<li>After cleaning the pets and particularly their litter box.</li>
	<li>After gardening, especially if you have created a dog-friendly garden.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Before you consume food or drink water.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>It&#39;s the responsibility of the adult owners to ensure the hand washing of the minors or children under their supervision.</li>
	<li>Always use hand sanitizer in case of unavailability of water or soap. &nbsp;</li>
	<li>The best thing you can do is wear gloves every time you contact the dogs, i.e., cleaning, petting, feeding, etc.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h3>Clean Yourself Up</h3>

All the time, we talk about the health and protection of pets. But what precautions are you taking to protect yourself from germs and stay healthy? You should be very cautious about cleaning yourself up, especially after cleaning a dog&#39;s litter box, because dogs&#39; poop is the major cause of infectious diseases. Therefore you should;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Change the litter boxes daily.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Regardless of whether or not you are using gloves to clean the litter box, you should always wash your hands once done with the cleaning.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Pregnant women, children, and people with weak immune systems should avoid contact with the dog&#39;s saliva, poop, or litter box because they are always at a higher risk of getting infected with several diseases. However, if there&#39;s no option, wear disposable gloves and wash your hands every time you contact dogs or their supplies.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Keep your dog&#39;s litter box away from the kitchen, food preparation areas, and importantly children.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h3>Prevent Dog Scratches &amp; Bites</h3>

As we have already discussed, various diseases spread among people due to the bites and scratches of dogs. Because they can not only cause pain and injury but also spread germs, no matter if the scratches or bites are deep or not, for instance, you can get infected only if the scratch just breaks the skin&#39;s surface. People bitten by dogs should receive medical treatment timely. Dogs usually bite when they are eating, are scared, nervous, not feeling well, and want to be left alone. Here are the following tips that can protect you from dog bites:&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Try to avoid contact with unfamiliar animals. Don&#39;t be aggressive and handle them with care even if they seem friendly.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Suppose you are involved in rough playing with pups and dogs. Then stop doing so! Because rough play can make your pet defensive towards people.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>According to different studies, dogs generally bite when provoked. Therefore, you should avoid rough play, particularly when animals, i.e., dogs, are young.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>While in contact with a new dog, don&rsquo;t move or run, instead stay till. Which will ultimately make the dog feel comfortable,&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Don&rsquo;t disturb a dog while he is sleeping, playing with puppies, and more importantly eating.</li>
	<li>If a dog seems sick or angry don&rsquo;t adopt it or discontinue petting it.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Do not panic or make loud noises, and never run from a dog.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Care For Dog&rsquo;s Bites Or Scratches&nbsp;</h3>

Bitten or scratched by the dog? If so, then read the following guidelines carefully.&nbsp;

<h3>For minor wounds :</h3>

Wash the affected area or wound with warm soapy water immediately after being bitten by a dog.&nbsp; 
Apply an antibiotic cream. 
Use a clean bandage to cover the wound.&nbsp;

<h3>For deep wounds :</h3>

<ul>
	<li>First, try to stop bleeding by applying pressure with a clean and dry cloth. Then immediately seek medical treatment.</li>
	<li>If you fail to stop bleeding due to deep wounds, immediately call your local emergency medical services.</li>
</ul>

<h3>Don&#39;t be late to seek medical attention If :&nbsp;</h3>

<ul>
	<li>The wound is deep and causes severe pain, or bleeding.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The wound becomes painful, warm, swollen, or red.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>You are unaware of the dog&#39;s vaccination status against rabies.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The dog appears unclean or sick.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The wound is serious and becomes painful, warm, swollen, or red.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>You haven&#39;t gotten a tetanus shot in the last five years.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h2>How Can You Keep Your Dogs Healthy?&nbsp;</h2>

<h3>The cleanliness of and the health of your dogs is imperative for your family&#39;s health too. So, in this article, I will discuss the complete details about the easy ways to keep your pets clean and healthy.&nbsp; 
&nbsp; 
Before Choosing a Dog</h3>

<ul>
	<li>There are certain types of dogs or puppies available for adoption. But you should always keep in mind that not every type is suitable for your family. In addition, international pet adoption is not recommended due to the higher risk of diseases and infections, particularly when infants, young children, pregnant women, and people suffering from certain health complications or have weak immune systems in your family.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>You must completely understand the appropriate care while adopting a dog. For this purpose, you should consult with the veterinarians or pet store staff about the proper care, food, environment, or other necessary things about the dog you will select.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Dogs may shed hookworms, roundworms, Giardia, or other germs in their poop. Therefore, experts recommend changing the litter boxes daily. Also, as discussed several times, wash your hands after cleaning the litter box.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h3>Things to Keep in Mind While Choosing a Dog</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Match a dog&#39;s personality and, more importantly, the traits with your family and pets you have already owned.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Always choose a dog that is playful, active, and bright. Ensure that the dogs have soft and shiny fur that doesn&#39;t contain poop and debris.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Ensure that the dog or puppy doesn&#39;t have signs such as; abnormal breathing, depression, sluggishness, and fluid running from the nose or eyes.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>After a week or a couple of days of adoption, take your dog or puppy to the veterinarian&#39;s clinic for a complete medical checkup.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>If your dog becomes sick or expires soon after purchase or adoption, consult with the veterinarian immediately. Don&#39;t forget to inform the rescue organizations, pet stores, and breeders about the death or illness.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h3>How to House Your Dog?&nbsp;</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Make every possible effort to provide a safe, clean, warm, and comfortable place and an environment for the dog to live in. You can also take a health care professional&#39;s suggestions for creating and maintaining the environment for your dog.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>If your dog is living outside the house (in the garden), provide shelter according to the weather conditions such as; hot, cold or rainy. Moreover, your dogs must have access to an indoor shelter to stay safe from predators.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Provide fresh food and water to the pets every day. Wash the dog&#39;s water or food dishes regularly.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h3>Monitor Dog&#39;s Health</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Take your dog to the veterinarian for a routine medical checkup, which keeps your pet healthy and prevents diseases.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Follow all directions of the veterinarians and treatments for bacteria, parasites, fleas, ticks, heartworms, etc.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Clean up any poop or vomit in the house and, more importantly, disinfect that area. Wash your hands immediately after cleaning. &nbsp;</li>
	<li>If you notice any signs of illness or any unusual physical or behavioral changes in your pet, contact immediately with the veterinarian. Sometimes, it might be possible that dogs seem healthy, but they can still transfer germs to people and other animals. &nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<h3>Don&#39;t Forget to Get Your Dog Vaccinated</h3>

Rabies and feline distemper vaccine is very important for protecting dogs from life-threatening diseases. Also, give the veterinarian complete information about the dog&#39;s lifestyle and health. &nbsp;

Explores the benefits of having dogs as pets, including their impact on physical and mental well-being. Learn about dog diseases, their symptoms and treatments.

Dog Diseases and Symptoms | Healthy Dogs | VetandTech

Dogs

<img alt="Common Diseases in Dogs" src="https://web.dvmcentral.com/file-manager/preview?disk=file-manager&amp;path=Common%20Diseases%20in%20Dogs.jpg&amp;v=1683281310" style="height:283px; width:875px" />

Dogs! What comes to your mind after listening to this word? Playful, loveable, and loyal? Yes! These are the major reasons that these cuties are adored widely. Petting a dog always positively affects the owners&#39; lives and the entire family members.&nbsp;

Several studies and surveys have proved that this creature directly influences children&#39;s cognitive, social, and emotional development. Because they promote an active lifestyle. The benefits don&#39;t end here! Did you know dogs can detect epileptic seizures up to 45 minutes before they happen? Yes, It&#39;s true. This is the reason that approximately 38% of US households have dogs as a pet.&nbsp;

Undoubtedly, having dogs as a pet has immense physical and mental well-being benefits. But, it&#39;s also a fact they can carry harmful germs that can make people sick. For instance, pet owners can suffer from various diseases, i.e., minor skin infections to severe illnesses. So, to protect yourself from harmful germs and stay healthy, it&rsquo;s crucial to understand the safety measures completely.&nbsp;

For instance, according to health care experts, pet owners should thoroughly wash their hands whenever they handle, feed, or clean up the litter box of their dogs. Additionally, it&#39;s also imperative to take the pets to the veterinary clinic for a regular medical check-up.

Vet Resources

Common Diseases

Common Diseases

Dogs